Diabetes
It is a chronic metabolic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to process blood sugar. According to International Diabetic Federation (IDF) approximately 463 million adults (20-79 years) were living with diabetes, by 2045 this will rise to 700 million.
Diabetes: Symptoms and Complications
Diabetic patients have higher risk of serious health problems. Uncontrolled sugar level
leads to retinopathy (eyes), nephropathy (kidneys), neuropathy (nerves) and also cardiovascular diseases.
01
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst which is the primary symptom of diabetes
02
Polyuria
Excessive urination commonly seen in uncontrolled diabetes
03
Polyphagia
Extreme hunger because of increased appetite
04
Weight loss / weight gain
Increase or decrease in BMI leads to weight loss or weight gain
05
Impaired vision
Partial or complete vision loss in uncontrolled diabetes
06
Wounds
Diabetic wounds are slow to heal and difficult to manage
07
Aches and pains
Nerve damage can be seen throughout the body
08
Kidney disease
High sugar level damages a part of our kidney that filters the blood
Diabetes Types
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus:
Called as juvenile onset, diabetes is a chronic condition where pancreas fails to produce insulin. It may account for 5% -10% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Risk factors include autoimmune, genetic and environmental factors.
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus:
Called as adult onset diabetes, a condition where body fails to utilise the produced insulin. It may account for about 90% – 95 % of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Risk factors for Type 2 diabetes include older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, prior history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, physical inactivity, and race/ethnicity.
Gestational diabetes:
It develops in 2% – 5 % of all pregnancies but usually disappears when pregnancy is over. Gestational diabetes occurs more frequently in Indians, and people with a family history of diabetes than in other groups.
Pre-diabetes:
Unlike in the West, where older populations are mostly affected, the burden of diabetes in Asian countries is disproportionately high in young- to middle-aged adults. So, the incidence of Pre-Diabetes is high in Asian countries.
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